动名词和动词不定式可以做句子主语、宾语或表语。
动名词的形式一般为动词的ing形式;动词不定式一般是在动词前加上to即可。
1.用做主语
To get up early is hard.
Getting up early is hard.
早起很难。
2.用作宾语
I don't like to get up early.
I don't like getting up early.
我不喜欢早起。
2.用作表语
The first thing he does is to get up early.
The first thing he does is getting up early.
他做的第一件事情就是早起。
或许还有人不明白什么叫表语。
表语就是位于系动词之后的、用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征的句子成分。
系动词有很多,最常见的就是be,其他的还有become,seem,appear, look,feel,get等。
动词不定式除了具有上述的语法功能之外,还有许多其他的用法。其中有两个尤为重要。
3.动词不定式做副词
I study hard to get scholarships.
我为了取得奖学金而努力学习。
He had a sleep to relax.
他为了放松一下,睡了一觉。
She keeps running to get home early.
为了回家早一些,她不停地跑。
4.动词不定式做形容词
He has many clothes to wash.
他有很多要洗的衣服。
I don't have any books to read.
我没有要读的书。
You have nothing to do.
你无事可做。
